Marine auxiliary machinery pdf free download

The back pressure valve maintains a minimum constant pressure or temperature in the evaporator when working a space in high- temperature conditions to prevent under-cooling of the cargo. If one space is operating at a low-temperature condition at the same time the back pressure valve would be bypassed. The liquid cooler illustrated in the diagram is necessary where an abnormal high static head has to be overcome between the machinery and the coolers.

These can be in two forms: a horizontal finger duct system in which up to 48 containers are fed from one cooler situated in the wings of the ship or, alternatively, a vertical duct system in which each stack of containers has its own duct and cooler. This type of system is employed for standard containers having two port holes in the wall opposite the loading doors. Air is delivered into the bottom opening and, after passing through a plenum, rises through a floor grating over the cargo and returns via another section of the plenum to the top port.

The connection between the duct arid containers is made by couplings which are pneumatically controlled. Both are considered below. Shell and tube type coolers In the shell and tube design a tube bundle or stack is fitted into a shell. The end plates are sealed at either end of the shell and provision is made at one end for expansion. The tubes are sealed into the tube plate at either end and provide a passageway for the cooling liquid.

Headers or water boxes surround the tube plates and enclose the shell. They are arranged for either a single pass or, as in Figure below, for a double pass of cooling liquid. The tube bundle has baffles fitted which serve to direct the liquid to be cooled up and down over the tubes as it passes along the cooler.

The joint arrangements at the tube plate ends are different. At the fixed end, gaskets are fitted between either side of the tube plate and the shell and end cover. Should either liquid leak past the seal it will pass out of the cooler and be visible.

There will be no intermixing or contamination. The inlet and outlet branches for each liquid are attached to one end plate. The arrangement of seals between the plates provides passageways between adjacent plates for the cooling liquid and the hot liquid.

The plates have various designs of corrugations to aid heat transfer and provide support for the large, flat surface.

A double seal arrangement is provided at each branch point with a drain hole to detect leakage and prevent intermixing or contamination. In a centrifugal pump liquid enters the centre or eye of the impeller and flows radially out between the vanes, its velocity being increased by the impeller rotation. A diffuser or volute is then used to convert most of the kinetic energy in the liquid into pressure.

The arrangement of a centrifugal pump is shown diagrammatically in figure below A vertical, single stage, single entry, centrifugal pump for general marine duties is shown in Figure here. The main frame and casing, together with a motor support bracket, house the pumping element assembly.

The pumping element is made up of a top cover, a pump shaft, an impeller, a bearing bush and a sealing arrangement around the shaft. Centrifugal pump principles and working procedure A pump is a machine used to raise liquids from a low point to a high point. The sealing arrangement may be a packed gland or a mechanical seal and the bearing lubrication system will vary according to the type of seal.

Replaceable wear rings are fitted to the impeller and the casing. This is a ring fixed to the casing, around the impeller, in which there are passages formed by vanes. The passages widen out in the direction of liquid flow and act to convert the kinetic energy of the liquid into pressure energy.

Hydraulic balance arrangements are also usual. Some of the high-pressure discharge liquid is directed against a drum or piston arrangement to balance the discharge liquid pressure on the impeller and thus maintain it in an equilibrium position. This can be supplied by batteries, but most merchant ships have an emergency generator. The unit is diesel driven and located outside of the machinery space. The emergency generator must be rated to provide power for the driving motors of the emergency bilge pump, fire pumps, steering gear, watertight doors and possibly fire fighting equipment.

Emergency lighting for occupied areas, navigation lights, communications systems and alarm systems must also be supplied. Where electrical control devices are used in the operation of main machinery, these too may require a supply from the emergency generator. A switchboard in the emergency generator room supplies these various loads. It is not usual for an emergency generator to require paralleling, so no equipment is provided for this purpose.

Automatic start up of the emergency generator at a low voltage value is usual on modern installations. Fig: A. Prior to this test, oil, water and fuel levels must be checked. Where possible, the prime mover is to be started by a simulated power failure.

These tests and their results are to be recorded in the Engine Room Log Book. Tests should include:- Starting by alternative means such as back up batteries, hydraulic or hand starters - recorded at least bi-weekly.

This will involve blackout of the ESB by manually disconnecting it from the MSB and observing the auto start and paralleling sequence. The test should be carried out alongside or at anchor.

Suitable frost precautions must be taken with water cooled engines. Dirty oi! Purified oil 3. Heater 8. To waste 4. Turbine oil tank 5. Dirty oil to purifier 6. Purified oil to turbine 3. Oil pump 7. The domestic water and sewage systems provide amenities for personnel. The major uses of the system, are for clearing water and oil which accumulates in machinery space bilges as the result of leakage or draining, and when washing down dry cargo holds.

The bilge main in the engine room, has connections from dry cargo holds, tunnel and machinery spaces. Tanks for liquid cargo and ballast are served by cargo discharge systems and ballast systems respectively. They are not connected to the bilge system unless they have a double function, as for example with deep tanks that are used for dry cargo or ballast.

Bilge system regulations Regulations prescribe the requirements for bilge systems and the details of a proposed arrangement must be submitted for approval to the appropriate government department or classification society. The number of power operated bilge pumps usually three or four that are required in the machinery spaces is governed by the size and type of ship. For smaller vessels one of the pumps may be main engine driven but the other must be independently driven.

A bilge ejector is acceptable as a substitute provided that, like the pumps, it is capable of giving an adequate flow rate. Bilge ejectors are supplied with high pressure sea water from an associated pump. The diameters of bilge main and branch pipes, are found as stated above from formulae based on ship size and the Classification Societies generally prescribe the bore of the main bilge line and branch bilge lines and relate the bilge pump capacity of each pump to that required to maintain a minimum water speed in the line.

Fire pump capacity is related to the capacity of the bilge pump thus defined: Bilge main dia. The defined head ranges from 3. Engine driven pumps are usually of the reciprocating type and there are still in use many pumps of this kind driven by electric motors through cranks. Common suction and discharge chests permit one pump to be used for bilge and ballast duties.

The pipe systems for these services must, however, be separate and distinct. The two could not be connected because they are incompatible. Materials which can be used are also given in the construction rules. When steel is used, it requires protection inside and out and both surfaces should be galvanized.

The preparation of the surfaces for galvanizing is important as is the continuity of the coating. The external painting of steel pipes may be the only protection used to prevent rust arising from contact with water in the bilges. Flanged joints are made between sections of pipe and support must be adequate.

Branch, direct and emergency bilge suctions are provided to conform with the regulations and as made necessary by the machinery space arrangement. Bilge and ballast system layout In the system shown, Figure 3. There are three pumps shown connected to the bilge main. These are the fire and bilge pump, the general service pump and the auxiliary bilge pump. These pumps also have direct bilge suctions to the engine room port side, starboard side and tunnel well respectively.

The ballast pump port side for'd could be connected to the bilge main but is shown with an emergency bilge suction only. This emergency suction or the one on the ballast pump is required by the regulations.

The auxiliary bilge pump is the workhorse of the system and need not be one of the statutorily required bilge pumps. Oily bilges and purifier sludge tanks have suitable connections for discharge to the oily water separator or ashore.

The system is tailored to suit the particular ship. Vessels with open floors in the machinery space may have bilge suctions near the centre line and in such cases, wing suctions would not be necessary provided the rise of floor was sharp enough. The essential safety role of the bilge system means that bilge pumps must be capable of discharging directly overboard. This system is also used when washing down dry cargo spaces. Special provision shall be made to prevent any deep tank having bilge and ballast connections being inadvertently run up from the sea when containing cargo, or pumped out through a bilge pipe when containing water ballast.

Provision shall be made to prevent the compartment served by any bilge suction pipe being flooded in the event of the pipe being severed, or otherwise damaged by collision or grounding in any other compartment. All the distribution boxes, cocks and valves in connection with the bilge pumping arrangements shall be in positions which are accessible at all times under ordinary circumstances.

If there is only one system of pipes common to all the pumps, the necessary cocks or valves for controlling the bilge suctions must be capable of being operated from above the bulkhead deck.

Where in addition to the main bilge pumping system an emergency bilge pumping system is provided, it shall be independent of the main system and so arranged that a pump is capable of operating on any compartment under flooding condition; in that case only the cocks and valves necessary for the operation of the emergency system need be capable of being operated from above the bulkhead deck.

AH cocks and valves mentioned in the above paragraph of this Regulation which can be operated from above the bulkhead deck shall have their controls at their place of operation clearly marked and provided with means to indicate whether they are open or closed.

They also find service when deballasting or when cleaning oil tanks. The requirement to fit such devices is the result of international legislation. Inshore discharge of oil can cause damage to bird life and mass pollution of beaches.

It is generally accepted that oil is less dense than water and this is the basis of the design of devices to separate the two liquids. Centrifuges by their speed of rotation, exert a force many times that of gravitational effect and the heater see previous chapter reduces density in comparison with that of water.

Various features are necessary to aid removal of the oil from the large bulk of water particularly when the difference in densities is small. Centrifuges are required to remove again usually small quantities of water from a much larger amount of oil. Additionally the centrifuge must separate solids and it must, with respect to fuel, handle large quantities at the rate at which the fuel is consumed.

In oily water mixtures, the oil exists as a collection of globules of various sizes. The force acting on such a globule, causing it to move in the water is proportional to the difference in weight between the oil particle and a particle of water of equal volume.

The resistance to the movement of the globule depends on its size and the viscosity of the fluids. When separation of an oil globule in water is taking place Fs will equal FT and the above equations can be worked to express the relationship of the terminal or in this case rising velocity of the globule with viscosity, relative density and particle size: In general, a high rate of separation is encouraged by a large size of oil globule, elevated temperature of the system which increases the specific gravity differential of the oil and water and reduces the viscosity of the oil and the use of sea water.

Laminar or streamlined flow is beneficial. In addition to the heating coils provided to optimize separation, there are various other means used to improve and speed up operation. The low capacity pump encourages slow and laminar flow. Alternation of flow path in a vertical direction continually brings oil near to the surface, where separation is enhanced by weirs which reduce liquid depth.

Angled surfaces provide areas on which oil can accumulate and form globules, which then float upwards. Fine gauze screens are also used as coalescing or coagulating surfaces. Pumping considerations A faster rate of separation is obtained with large size oil globules or slugs and any break up of oil globules in the oily feed to the separator should be avoided. This factor can be seriously affected by the type and rating of the pump used, Tests were carried out by a British government research establishment some years ago on the suitability of various pumps for separator feed duties and the results are shown in Table 3.

It follows that equal care must be taken with pipe design and installation to avoid turbulence due to sharp bends or constrictions and to calculate correctly liquid flow and pipe size to guarantee laminar flow.

Clean water run-off 3. Oil accumulation space connection 4. Riser pipes 2. Outlet 5. Inlet connection downwards to the conical plates. Large globules of oil separate out in the upper part of the separator. The smaller globules are carried by the water into the spaces between the plates.

The oil rises, is caught underneath an annular baffle and is then led up through the turbulent inlet area by risers to collect in the dome of the separator. The water leaves the conical plate pack via a central pipe which is connected to a flange at the base of the separator, Two test cocks are provided to observe the depth of oil collected in the separator dome.

When oil is seen at the lower test cock, the oil drain valve must be opened. An automatic air release valve is located in the separator dome. An electronically operated oil drainage valve is also frequently fitted. This works on an electric signal given be liquid level probes in the separator. Visual and audible oil overload indicators may also be fitted. To assist separation steam coils or electric heaters are fitted in the upper part of the separator.

Where high viscosity oils are to be separated additional heating coils are installed in the lower part. Before initial operation, the separator must be filled with clean water. It is important that neither this separator nor any other type is run at over capacity. To meet the requirement of legislation which came into force in October and which requires that the oil content of bilge discharges be reduced in general to ppm and to 15 ppm in special areas and within 12 nautical miles of land, a second stage coalescer Figure 3.

Filter elements in the second stage remove any small droplets of oil in the discharge and cause them to be held until they form larger droplets coalesce. As the larger globules form, they rise to the oil collecting space. The discharge was illuminated by a light bulb fitted on the outside of the glass port opposite the viewer. The separator was shut down if there was any evidence of oil carry over, but problems with observation occurred due to poor light and accumulation of oily deposits on the inside of the glasses.

Flow through the sampling chamber is made rapid to reduce deposit on glass lenses. They are easily removed for cleaning. Light reaching the cell decreases with increasing oil content of the water.

Ship service systems 89 Another approach is to register light scattered by oil particles dispersed in the water by the sampling pumps Figure 3. Methods of checking for oil by chemical test would give better results but take too long in a situation where excess amounts require immediate shut down of the oily water separator. Tanker ballast Sampling and monitoring equipment fitted in the pump room of a tanker can be made safe by using fibre optics to transmit light to and from the sampling chamber Figure 3.

The sampling pump can be fitted in the pumproom to keep the sampling pipe short and so minimize time delay. Oil content reading of the discharge is fed into the control computer together with discharge rate and ship's speed to give a permanent record. Ballast arrangements The ballasting of a vessel which is to proceed without cargo to the loading port is necessary for a safe voyage, sometimes in heavy weather conditions.

On arrival at the port the large amount of ballast must be discharged rapidly in readiness for loading. Ballast pump capacity is governed by the volume of water that has to be discharged in a given time.

An oily water separator on the ballast pump discharge would prevent discharge of oil with the ballast from a tank that had been used for fuel or oil cargo.

Ballast carried in the empty cargo tanks of crude oil carriers has potential for pollution when discharged, particularly if cargo pumps are used for the purpose.

Segregated ballast tanks with dedicated ballast pumps prevent the problem. An example of a ballast purnp for a segregated ballast tank, is given in Chapter 6. Fore and aft peak tanks, double bottom and deep tanks used for ballast in dry cargo vessels as well as ballast spaces in bulk liquid carriers, can be dangerous due to lack of oxygen or the presence of harmful gases.

Oxygen may be depleted by corrosion and harmful gases may be produced by organisms or pollutants in the water. The ballast water from some areas has been found to carry dangerous bacteria. They are fitted at the highest part of the tank or at the opposite end to the filling connection. Tanks used for fuel storage also have to fulfil the requirements for fuel tanks. Nameplates are attached to the tops of all air pipes and sounding pipes must have means of identification.

The latter are to be of steel with a striker plate at the bottom and must conform to the various rulings. The pipelines for ballasting must be of adequate strength and if of steel, protected by galvanizing or other means. The ballasting of some tanks, such as those in the double bottoms, is carried out by running up by opening appropriate valves, rather than by pumping.

Remotely operated valves are installed with modern ballast systems. Pump and valve controls are then centrally located. Centrifugal pumps with water ring primers, used for ballast pumping, are suitable for use as statutory bilge pumps.

Domestic water systems Systems using gravity tanks to provide a head for domestic fresh and sanitary water, have long been superseded by schemes where supply pressure is maintained by a cushion of compressed air in the service tanks Figure 3.

The pump discharges through filters to a rising main, branched to give cold and hot supplies, the latter through a calorifier. A circulating pump may be fitted in circuit with the steam or electrically heated calorifier.

Although effective as a means of killing bacteria, it does not apparently provide protection in the long term. Guidance on the procedures to ensure that fresh water is safe for consumption is provided by M notices listed at the end of the chapter, Sanitary water The sanitary system operates on the same Pneupress principle as that described for fresh water.

Pumps, if supplying sea water, are protected by filters on the suction side which require regular cleaning. A few sanitary systems use fresh or distilled water to reduce corrosion in pipes and flushing valves, particularly in vacuum systems where water consumption is minimal.

Treated liquid effluent is recirculated in the chemical sewage treatment system described later in the chapter p. Water production A considerable amount of fresh water is consumed in a ship.

Water used in the machinery spaces as make up for cooling system losses may be fresh or distilled but distilled water is essential for steam plant where there is a water tube boiler. It is now common practice to take on only a minimal supply of potable water in port and to make up the rest by distillation of sea water. They are sufficiently reliable to provide, during continuous and unattended operation, the water needed for the engine room and domestic comsumption.

An advantage of low pressure evaporators is that they enable otherwise wasted heat from diesel engine jacket cooling water to be put to good use. Reverse osmosis systems were installed to give instant water production capacity without extensive modifications as with vessels commandeered for hostilities in the Falklands War.

They are used to advantage on some passenger cruise vessels and are fitted in ships which may remain stopped at sea for various reasons tankers awaiting orders — outside 20 mile limit. Warning is given in M Notice M that evaporators must not be operated within 20 miles of a coastline and that this distance should be greater in some circumstances.

Pollution is present in inshore waters from sewage outfalls, disposal of chemical wastes from industry, drainage of fertilizers from the land and isolated cases of pollution from grounding or collision of ships and spillage of cargo. Low pressure evaporators The main object of distillation is to produce water essentially free of salts.

Good quality boiler feed will contain less than 2. Low pressure evaporators for the production of water can be adapted for steamships but operate to greatest advantage with engine cooling water on motorships.

These coalesce forming drops large enough to fall back against the vapour flow. Figure 3. Air and other gases released by heating of the sea water, but which will not condense, are removed by the air ejector. The evaporator shown has a single combined ejector for extraction of both brine and air. This heat is too low for formation of magnesium scales and provided brine density is controlled, calcium sulphate will not cause problems.

Continuous removal of the brine by the brine pump or ejector, limits density. The level of water in the evaporator is maintained constant by means of a brine weir, over which excess passes to the ejector.

Without continuous treatment, cleaning may be necessary after perhaps two months. Saiinometer The condensate or product, if of acceptable quality, is delivered to the appropriate tanks by the distilled water pump. Quality is continuously tested by the salinometer both at start up and during operation. If the device registers an excess of salinity it will dump the product and activate the alarm using its solenoid valves.

The product is recirculated in some installations. The addition of impurities such as salts in solution increases the conductivity of the water, and this can be measured.

Since the conductivity of the water is, for low concentrations, related to the impurity content, a conductivity meter can be used to monitor the salinity of the water.

The probe type electrode cell Figure 3. The cell cannot be removed while the valve is open and consists of two stainless steel concentric electrodes having a temperature compensator located within the hollow inner electrode.

It operates within the limits of water pressure up to The incoming a. A pilot lamp SLl on the 24 V secondary winding indicates the circuit is live. The indicating circuit comprises an applied voltage across the electrode cell and the indicator. The indicator shows the salinity by measuring the current which at a preset value actuates the alarm circuit warning relay. The Figure 3. S Schematic diagram of saline-meter W. The current from rectifier Mrec divides into two paths, one through the temperature compensator F via resistor R2 and the other through the alarm relay potentiometer Pot indicator MA and resistor R3, the two paths joining in a common return to the low potential side of the rectifier.

When the water temperature is at the lower limit of the compensated range the total resistance of the compensator is in circuit and the two paths are as described above. As the temperature of the water rises, the resistance of the compensator device drops progressively, the electrical path through the compensator now has a lower resistance than the other and a large proportion of the cell current.

The compensator therefore ensures that the alteration in the balance of the resistances of the two paths corresponds to the increased water conductivity due to the rise in temperature and a correct reading is thus obtained over the compensated range.

The alarm setting is adjustable and the contacts of the warning relay close to light a lamp or sound a horn when salinity exceeds the acceptable level. The salinometer is also arranged to control a solenoid operated valve which dumps unacceptable feed water to the bilge or recirculates. The salinometer and valve reset automatically when the alarm condition clears.

The steel shell of evaporators is prone to corrosion. The adhesive is heat cured and the integrity of the rubber checked by spark test. Reason for distillate treatment The low operating temperature of the evaporator described, is not sufficient to sterilize the product.

Despite precautions near the coast, harmful organisms may enter with the sea water and pass through to the domestic water tank and system. Additionally there is a likelihood that while in the domestic tank, water may become infested with bacteria, due to a build up of a colony of organisms from some initial contamination. Sterilization by the addition of chlorine, is recommended in Merchant Shipping Notice M Another problem with distilled water is that having none of the dissolved solids common in fresh water it tastes flat.

It also tends to be slightly acidic due to its ready absorption of carbon dioxide CO2. This condition makes it corrosive to pipe systems and less than beneficial to the human digestive tract. Chlorine sterilization and conditioning Initial treatment Figure 3. Some absorption of carbon dioxide from the water and the neutralizing effect of these compounds, removes acidity.

The addition of hardness salts also gives the water a better taste. The sterilizing agent chlorine, being a gas, is carried into the water as a constituent of sodium hypochlorite a liquid or in granules of calcium chloride dissolved in water. The addition is set to bring chlorine content to 0. While the water resides in the domestic tank, chlorine should preserve sterility.

In the long term, it will evaporate so that further additions of chlorine may be needed. The passage of water from storage tanks to the domestic system, is by way of a carbon filter which removes the chlorine taste. Silver is toxic to the various risk organisms. Unlike the gas chlorine, it will not evaporate but remains suspended in the water.

The sterilizer is placed close to the production equipment with the conditioning unit being installed after the sterilizer and before the storage tank. The amount of metal released to water passing through the unit, is controlled by the current setting.

If a large volume has to be treated, only part is bypassed through and a high current setting is used to inject a large amount of silver. The bypassed water is then added to the rest in the pipeline. With tow water flow, all of the water is delivered through the device and the current setting is such as to give a concentration of 0. The silver content of water in the domestic system, should be 0. The stainless steel irradiation chamber contains low pressure mercury vapour tubes, housed in a quartz jacket.

Tubes are wired in series with a transformer for safety. A wiper is fitted within the chamber to clean the jackets and lamp observation window. Units of a similar type are used for pretreatment disinfection in some reverse osmosis plant. Flash evaporators The evaporator described above, boils sea water at the saturation temperature corresponding to the uniform pressure through the evaporation and condensing chambers. With flash evaporators Figure 3. The drop in pressure changes the saturation temperature below the actual temperature, so that some of the water instantly flashes off as vapour.

The arrangements for continuous monitoring of distillate purity are similar to those described above. If two or more vessels in series are maintained at progressively lower absolute pressures, the process can be repeated. Incoming salt feed absorbs the latent heat of the steam in each stage, with a resultant gain in economy of heat and fuel. It should be noted that when distillate is used for drinking it may require subsequent treatment to make it potable.

The membrane acts as a one way barrier, allowing the passage of water but not of the nutrients dissolved in the liquid within the root. The liquid level in the funnel rises as pure water passes through the parchment and into the solution.

The action will continue despite the rise of the head of the salt solution relative to that of the pure water. Osmotic pressure can be obtained by measuring the head of the solution when the action ceases. They allow the water molecules through but not the larger molecules of dissolved substances. The phenomenon is important not only for the absorption of water through the roots of plants but in animal and plant systems generally. Salt sea water on one side of the membrane Figure 3.

Pure water passes through but the membrane is able to prevent passage of the salts. For production of large amounts of pure water, the membrane area must be large and it must be arranged in a configuration which makes it strong enough to withstand the very high pump pressure needed.

The difficulty of combining the requirements of very large area with adequate reinforcement of the thin sheets is dealt with by making up spirally wound cartridges Figure 3. The core of the cartridge is a porous tube to which are attached the open edges of a large number of envelopes each made of two sheets of the membrane material. The envelopes are separated by coarse gauze sheets.

Assembled envelopes and separators initially have the appearance of a book opened so that the covers are in contact, the spine or binding forming a central tube. The finished cartridge is produced by rotating the actual central tube, so that envelopes and separators are wrapped around it in a spiral, to form a cylindrical shape. Cartridges with end spacers, are housed in tubes of stainless steel Figure 3. Output of the reverse osmosis plant is governed by the number of cartridge tubes in parallel.

Quality is improved by installing sets of tubes in series. One problem with any filtration system, is that deposit accumulates and gradually blocks the filter. A dosing chemical, sodium hexametaphosphate, is also added to assist the action. The system must be protected by a relief arrangement.

The chemical sodium hexametaphosphate is added to assist the wash through of salt deposit on the surface of the elements and the sea water is sterilized to remove bacteria which would otherwise become resident in the filter.

Chlorine is reduced by the compressed carbon filter while solids are removed by the other filters. Treatment is also necessary to make the water product of reverse osmosis potable. The method is much the same as for water produced in low temperature evaporators. All water from ashore, whether for drinking or washing purposes, is to be sterilized. When chlorine is used, the dose must be such as to give a concentration of 0.

The Department of Transport recommends in Merchant Shipping Notice number M that because of the risk from legionella bacteria entering the respiratory system by way of fine mist from a shower spray, all water including that for washing only, should be treated by sterilization.

The transfer hose for fresh water is to be marked and kept exclusively for that purpose. The ends must be capped after use and the hose must be stored clear of the deck to reduce the risk of contamination. Domestic water tanks Harmful organisms in drinking water storage tanks have caused major health problems on passenger vessels and in general to ship's crews and personnel working on oil platforms. The steel tank surfaces may be prepared for coating by wire brushing and priming.

Subsequently a cement wash is applied or an epoxy or other coating suitable for use in fresh water tanks. Other chapters consider the refrigeration, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.

The final chapters tackle the safety system of marine auxiliary machinery, particularly the fire protection, safety, instrumentation, and control systems. This book will prove useful to marine and mechanical engineers. Marine Auxiliary Machine: Sixth Edition explains the correct operation and maintenance of marine auxiliary machinery. The inclusion of suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter is of particular use to students and all those interested in any related titles.

Alongside this, there is also sufficient theoretical background to enable the reader to fully understand the principles involved. These various features allow the book to also serve as a useful reference work for engineers in the shipbuilding and equipment manufacturing industries, as well as all sea-going engineers.

Preface; Main propulsion services and heat exchangers; Machinery service systems and equipment; Ship service systems; Valves and pipelines; Pumps and pumping; Tanker and gas carrier cargo pumps and systems; Auxiliary power; The propeller shaft; Steering gears; Bow thrusters, stabilizers and stabilizing systems; Refrigeration; Heating, ventilation and air conditioning; Deck machinery and cargo equipment; Fire protection; Safety and safety equipment; Control and instrumentation; Index.